Nuclear astrophysics is concerned with the impact and influence of nuclear
structure and nuclear reactions on astrophysical processes from the
beginning of the universe in the big bang through the evolution of stars.
New astronomical observations, new accelerators and detection techniques,
and fast growing computational power provide unprecedented opportunities
for major advances in our understanding of the cosmos. The many
connections between astronomical observations, astrophysical modelling
efforts, nuclear structure and reaction theory, and experimental nuclear
data provide major challenges for researchers in the field of nuclear
astrophysics. It is the goal of this year's summer school to give an
introduction to this exciting field. Astrophysical phenomena and
observations that might benefit from new or improved nuclear physics input
will be covered; an overview of experimental goals, techniques, and
facilities will be given; and various theoretical approaches to nuclear
structure and reactions will be discussed.
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Featured Speakers
[Click on a speaker's name to go to their home page in a new browser
window.]
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L. Buchmann TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
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C.W. Johnson San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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D.L. Lambert University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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K. Langanke Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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G.C. McLaughlin North Carolina State University, Raleigh,
North Carolina, USA
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B.S. Meyer Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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C. Rolfs Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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H. Schatz Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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A. Shotter TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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K.A. Snover University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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E.W. Vogt TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Program
[Program available in PDF and
PostScript formats.]
The following topics will be covered during lectures in the mornings and
tutorial sessions in the afternoons.
Topic 1: Astrophysical Processes - Phenomena and Observations
An overview of astrophysical phenomena and observations that might
benefit from new or improved nuclear physics input.
Students will be introduced to stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis, big
bang nucleosynthesis, novae, supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, stellar and
galactic abundancies, observational efforts and techniques, need for
nuclear physics input, etc.
Topic 2: Laboratory Nuclear Astrophysics - Experimental Studies
of Nuclear Structure and Reactions
An overview of the nuclear phenomena and properties that experimentalists
are studying and how they go about it.
The lectures will cover nuclear reaction mechanisms and rates, nuclear
structure at and away from stability, nuclear masses, heavy elements,
experimental techniques and technologies employed and developed, overview
of and comparison of facilities for experimental studies (e.g. radioactive
beam facilities, underground laboratories), challenges faced by
experimentalists, outlook, etc.
Topic 3: Theoretical Nuclear Astrophysics - Modern Descriptions of
Nuclear Structure and Reactions
An overview of the nuclear phenomena and properties that theorists are
trying to describe and the models they are using.
This portion of the lectures will be devoted to theoretical aspects of
nuclear reaction mechanisms and rates, nuclear structure at and away from
stability, shell structure, magic numbers, single-particle and collective
phenomena, weak binding, pairing, halos and skins, cluster aspects,
effective interactions, etc. It will include a brief overview of
theoretical approaches and models, particular challenges faced by
theorists, outlook, etc.
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[Click on a speaker's name to go to their lecture outline.]
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Lecture Outlines
[Click on a speaker's name to go to their home page in a new browser
window.]
[Click on the appropriate Lecture Material link to download lecture
material in the desired format in a new browser window.]
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Selected problems in low energy nuclear scattering
OUTLINE:
Some problems where theoretical treatment of low energy nuclear cross
sections is necessary will be presented. Experimental procedures as well
as the theoretical treatment will be discussed. After outlining the
minimal theory, beta-delayed particle processes as well as reaction cross
sections will be discussed.
- Lecture 1:
- Introduction, the beta-delayed particle decays of 16N and
9C.
- Lecture 2:
- Reaction cross sections: 12C(alpha, gamma)16O,
21Na + p.
Lecture Material:
Lothar Buchmann's Web site: PostScript
and HTML formats
PDF (5,877 KB) 183 pages
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Calvin W. Johnson Department of Physics, San Diego State
University
The nuclear shell model, with applications to astrophysics
OUTLINE:
The nuclear shell model is one of the most important microscopic approaches
to nuclear structure. After a general overview I will emphasize practical
aspects of shell model calculations and survey results relevant to
astrophysics.
- Lecture 1:
- One at a time: the noninteracting shell model.
- Lecture 2:
- Mixing it up: the interacting shell model.
- Lecture 3:
- Talking to leptons: how to calculate weak and electromagnetic
transitions.
- Lecture 4:
- Cooking in the cosmic kitchen: applications in astrophysics.
Lecture Material:
Lecture 1: PDF (158 KB) PowerPoint (128 KB)
14 pages
Lecture 2: PDF (168 KB) PowerPoint (131 KB)
14 pages
Lecture 3: PDF (127 KB) PowerPoint (185 KB)
15 pages
Lecture 4: PDF (691 KB) PowerPoint (759 KB)
16 pages
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Nuclear astrophysics - observations
- Lecture 1:
- Astrophysics of nuclear astrophysics:
- Nuclear energy sources and stellar structure.
- Nucleosynthesis.
- The compositions of astronomical objects:
- Solar system: meteorites, solar atmosphere.
- Stars.
- Interstellar gas.
- Introduction to the physics of stellar atmospheres.
- Introduction to line formation and abundance analysis.
- Lecture 2:
- Introduction to the physics of stellar interiors.
- An observer's view of stellar evolution.
- Lecture 3:
- Origins of the heavy elements:
- Red giants and the s-process.
- Observational insights to the r-process.
- Lecture 4:
- Origins of the light elements: Li, Be, and B.
- Lecture 5:
- Chemical evolution of stellar systems:
- Unfinished business:
- Stellar atmospheres.
- Stellar structure.
- Stellar systems.
Lecture Material:
Lecture 1: PDF (2,513 KB) 27 pages
Lecture 2: PDF (2,739 KB) 30 pages
Lecture 3: PDF (3,612 KB) 43 pages
Lecture 4: PDF (2,995 KB) 37 pages
Lecture 5: PDF (2,710 KB) 32 pages
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Supernovae and Nuclear Physics
OUTLINE:
At the end of their evolution massive stars run out of nuclear fuel. As a
consequence the core of the star collapses triggering a (type II)
supernova. Simulating core-collapse supernovae on a computer is a great
challenge requiring an interplay of several physics disciplines. Nuclear
physics plays a key role. The lectures will introduce the nuclear physics
inputs needed in a supernova simulation. Increased computer power and more
sophisticated nuclear models have recently allowed to improve the nuclear
physics relevant for supernovae. These include electron captures and beta
decays at stellar conditions, neutrino-nucleus reactions, neutrino
opacities in dense nuclear matter, etc. Core collapse supernovae might
also be a site of the r-process. In such a dynamical scenario beta decays
and perhaps neutrino-nucleus reactions are crucial. Supernovae are also
the site of neutrino nucleosynthesis.
Lecture Material:
Lecture 1: PDF (5,315 KB) 34 pages
Lecture 2: PDF (3,731 KB) 25 pages
Lecture 3: PDF (3,462 KB) 23 pages
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Neutrino oscillations: theory and application to astrophysics
OUTLINE:
Results of recent experiments, such as SNO and SuperK, have indicated that
neutrinos have mass. This exciting result is inferred from evidence for
neutrino oscillations. I will discuss the theory behind this result, and
implications of the recent data.
- Lecture 1:
- Basics of matter enhanced and vacuum neutrino oscillations.
- Lecture 2:
- Putting it all together: the neutrino mixing matrix.
- Lecture 3:
- Supernova neutrinos: What can we learn if we detect them and how do
neutrino oscillations fit in the picture?
Lecture Material:
Lecture 1: PDF (3,204 KB) 25 pages
Lecture 2: PDF (2,838 KB) 22 pages
Lecture 3: PDF (2,796 KB) 25 pages
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Bradley S. Meyer Clemson University, South Carolina
Explosive nucleosynthesis
OUTLINE:
Explosive nucleosynthesis in stars and the early universe is a nexus for
nuclear physics, astrophysics, and particle physics. I will present a
general perspective on explosive nucleosynthesis in the paradigm of
constrained equilibria.
- Lecture 1:
- Introduction: explosive nucleosynthesis and constrained equilibria.
- Lecture 2:
- The usual suspects.
- Lecture 3:
- New surprises in an old field.
Lecture Material:
Bradley Meyer's Web site: Lectures Assignments
Lecture 1: PDF (243 KB) PowerPoint (251 KB)
20 pages
Lecture 2: PDF (584 KB) PowerPoint (577 KB)
23 pages
Lecture 3: PDF (1,310 KB) PowerPoint (1,073 KB)
34 pages
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Claus Rolfs Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Experimental nuclear astrophysics, an introduction
OUTLINE:
Energy source in the sky: how does our sun work?
Stellar evolution: curriculum vitae of a star.
Complications: dredge-up, mass-loss, binaries.
Consistency check: solar neutrinos.
Solar model: helio-seismology.
Nuclear reaction rates: experimental aspects.
Key reactions in stellar burning: a never-ending problem?
Go underground: LUNA.
The life elements: ERNA.
Hot/explosive burning: exotic ion beams.
Electron screening: a pioneering topic.
Big-bang nucleosynthesis: challenges.
Cosmic chronology: nuclear quests.
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Experimental nuclear astrophysics with radioactive beams
- Lecture 1:
- X-ray bursts and pulsars - nuclear physics at the extremes - I.
- Lecture 2:
- X-ray bursts and pulsars - nuclear physics at the extremes - II.
- Lecture 3:
- Nuclear astrophysics with fast fragmentation beams.
Lecture Material:
Lectures 1+2: PDF (3,288 KB) PowerPoint (2,220 KB)
35 pages
Lecture 3: PDF (4,132 KB) PowerPoint (7,029 KB)
28 pages
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Nuclear astrophysics - a general view and the TRIUMF connection
OUTLINE:
This will be a general talk which will aim to identify the main mission of
Nuclear Astrophysics and in particular how the TRIUMF laboratory can
contribute to this mission.
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Kurt A. Snover University of Washington, Seattle
The 7Be(p, gamma)8B reaction and solar neutrinos
OUTLINE:
I will describe our present knowledge of the astrophysical rate for the
7Be(p, gamma)8B reaction, and implications for our
understanding of the solar production rate of high energy neutrinos and for
neutrino physics. I will use this subject to explore some of the general
physics issues connected to these topics.
Lecture Material:
PDF (1,970 KB)
49 pages
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Nuclear halo states
OUTLINE:
Nuclear halo states are unusual states which involve very loosely bound
nucleons - typically one or more neutrons extending far beyond the normal
nuclear radius. Of course near the drip lines nucleons extend to large
distances, but even in the valley of stability halo states are expected to
be relatively common. The definition of such states and the criterion for
their existence will be discussed as well as their impact on nuclear
physics and astrophysical reaction rates.
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Registration
SNIT 2002 is free for registered participants.
The registration form
[
PDF (18 KB) ,
gzipped PostScript (27 KB) ,
PostScript (51 KB)
]
should be downloaded, completed and faxed to Elly Driessen at TRIUMF.
Please note that the number of participants will be limited to 40.
Unfortunately, we are unable to provide financial support to cover travel
or subsistence expenses.
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Accommodation
A limited number of single and twin rooms has been set aside for SNIT 2002
participants at Place Vanier Residence on the UBC campus. The rate is
CDN$22 per night, plus 15% tax. Guests need to bring their own towels and
soap; bed linens will be provided and exchanged weekly.
The above rate will only be available if the accommodation request is
received before June 1, 2002. (Note that June is high tourist season in
Vancouver. At that time it is very difficult to find accommodations in
this price range anywhere in the city.)
The accommodation form [ PDF (174 KB) ]
should be downloaded, completed and faxed or mailed to the Reservations
Office, Conferences and Accommodations at UBC,
NOT to TRIUMF.
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Travel Arrangements
Participants need to ensure that they have the proper travel documents and
visas to enter Canada.
Vancouver can be reached by air (Vancouver International Airport - YVR),
rail, bus, car, or boat. There is bus and taxi service for transportation
between the airport, downtown, and the UBC campus. See
this link
for details.
Some current exchange rates are (as of March 2002):
CDN$1 = US$0.63 ;
CDN$1 = Euro 0.72 ;
CDN$1 = £0.44
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Organizing Committee
For information regarding registration, accommodation and SNIT logistics,
please contact:
Elly Driessen ,
SNIT 2002,
TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver BC V6T 2A3, Canada
E-mail:
snit@triumf.ca
Phone: 1-604-222-7352
FAX: 1-604-222-1074
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Last modified: Mon Feb 13 16:24:55 PST 2006
by Martin Comyn
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