Pions
The pion may be positively or negatively charged, or neutral. Positive and negative pions decay with an average lifetime of 26 billionths of a second. Neutral pions, however, decay in 84 billion billionths of a second. As shown below, a negative pion produces a negatively charged muon and the muon's antineutrino. In about two millionths of a second, the muon breaks up into an electron and two neutrinos. The pions, muons or protons can be used as probes of subatomic matter.

Pion Breakdown

By shooting a proton beam into various metallic target materials, a subatomic research lab like TRIUMF can, every second, produce billions of unusual subatomic particles called pions. Some are electrically neutral, others carry a negative or a positive charge. They are all classed as "mesons".

What do we know about a pion - let's say a negative pion?
Discovered:1947
Electric charge:-1 (same as an electron>
Mass:1/7 of a proton (or 273 electron-masses)
Compositon:One "down" quark + one "up" antiquark
Average lifetime:26 billionths of a second
Decays into: In a vacuum, usually a negative muon, and an antineutrino. However, the antimatter in a pion makes it very unstable - if a negative pion is captured by a (positively charged) nucleus of an atom, the pion's entire mass can often be converted into pure energy, making the nucleus explode like a tiny atomic bomb!

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Last changes: Jan 02, 1997.